Vacuum. The human side beyond squatting
by Emiliano Esposito

portfolio shortlisted call 'ABOUT DESIRE. WITH RAGUSA FOTO FESTIVAL 2020', 2020

Vacuum investigates the phenomenon of indivdualistic squatting into public housing in Naples, Italy. Individualistic squatting refers to the act of occupying a building for residential purposes that takes place outside any political framework. This project take into consideration a small portion of the city of Naples while addressing broadly the housing crisis of the Italian context. Indeed, due to the shortage of its housing welfare system, Italy suffers a widespread housing distress. In 2014, almost 2 million people live in a state of housing distress (housing costs exceeding 30% of household income) and are searching for low-cost housing (Federcasa, 2016). The public housing stock cannot satisfy such huge demand of public flats. In 2014, public housing estates numbered only around 770,000 flats, decreasing of 22% since 1993 due to privatisation and reduction in long-term investment by national government in public housing production. Today, Italy has the highest percentage of illegally occupied public flats in in Europe: almost 48,000 (6,4% of the entire national stock) illegally occupied, with a constant growth trend in the past decade; in Southern Italy the proportion is even greater, reaching 11.5% in 2013. Vacuum focuses on the city of Naples where in 2017 only 11,000 out of 24,700 public housing units were legally occupied under the ‘standard procedures’. Within the city of Naples this project take into consideration the district of Ponticelli where the highest percentage of the local public housing is located (after the district of Scampia). In particular, Vacuum navigates thorugh the life and housing histories of the De Gasperi neighbourhood in the Ponticelli district. It is one of the first public housing complexes that were built in the city of Naples after the second World War to give shelter to people that lost their house under the bombs. During the 1980s and 1990s, the De Gasperi neighbourhood was ruled by one of the powerful Camorra groups in the ctiy. Among its activities, this groups managed the illegal occupation of public housing of the neighbourhood for both economic issues (it managed an informal and black renting market of public apartments) and geographic control (it provided the public houses of the area to the members of the group). In the first decade of 2000s, the Camorra group disappeared due to internal conflicts and police actions.  What remains today in the district are its inhabitants, most of which illegally occupy the public apartments where they live. In the empty space left by power actors, both formal institutions and Camorra group, the De Gasperi inhabitants built daily their sense of home beyond the their illegal status of squatters/occupiers. Vacuum aims to partially reveal the intimate and human meanings of living by squatting into a public apartment today in Naples.


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