Brick Land
by Tanjimul Islam

Pathshala South Asian Media Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Graduation year: 2022

portfolio shortlisted call 'BLURRING THE LINES 2022', 2022

I would like to start off with the results from a research. Professor Milton Friedman, Michael Greenstone and their team researched on Relationship between Long-term Human Exposure to Air Pollution and Life Expectancy, in short the relation between human life span and air pollution. They have recently discovered that air pollution has caused a 6.7 years decline on the average life span of humans in Bangladesh. Moreover, areas with heavy air pollution have seen a decline of 8.1 years on average. In the last six years, Dhaka was able to indulge just thirty-eight days of quality air, which constitutes to less than two percent. AQI or Air Quality Index quantizes air quality against human livability. A livable city has an AQI ranging from 50-100. Dhaka has an AQI around 219, which has been dictated as highly unlivable by WHO, who also discourages people from spending time outside their homes. The main reasons the air in Dhaka is in such dire condition are: rise in construction works, use of fossil fuels and rise in brick mills. I would like to shed light on the brick mills spawning around the city of Dhaka illegally. My photos portray the chimneys of such mills as a character from peripheral regions of Dhaka the likes of Munshiganj, Narayananj, Savar, Ashulia, Aminbazar. Recently there has been a rise in construction in Dhaka and since there are no substitute for conventional bricks in this country, this has resulted in a rise in brick production, which in turn sees an increase in brick mills. Each year sees a production of 17.2 billion bricks from eight thousand mills. These bricks result in a production of 10-million-ton carbon dioxide, which is equivalent to 0.2 kg carbon dioxide per capita. In addition to the carbon dioxide released, 15500 tones of Sulphur dioxide, 300200 tons of carbon monoxide are also being emitted to our atmosphere. 40% particles that constitutes the air of Dhaka comes from these peripheral regions. Brick production requires 3000000 tones of wood and a whooping 5000000 tons of coal import from India. These coals are unrefined and of the lowest of qualities whose byproducts are blending into the air and water of my beloved city. The top soil is the most fertile. Raw materials required in brick mills result in a wastage of 60000000 tones of topsoil from farmable lands. Loss of top soil causes a plummet in fertility of the land, which requires a staggering 20 years to recover. A tremendous imbalance in ecology due to the damage to water, land and the habitant microscopic organisms has forced the farmers’ hands into using more chemical fertilizers and insecticides. This has caused both a rise in cost of farming and the amount of toxins and poisons in the environment. The Government has passed Brick Production and Brick Field Act-2013. However, the laws are yet to be enforced and illegal activities in brick fields continue to prevail. The law states that no soil can be taken from farmable lands, hills, mounds, swamps, barren lands, ponds, lakes, rivers or any other natural bodies without the permission from respective Government office. No practical implementation has been observed and soil is illegally uprooted from these areas. Moreover Section 5(3) dictates the process for brick production. There it is stated that in order to conserve soil, at least 50% of bricks produced in a field should be Hollow Bricks, manufactured by following the newer technology. On top of that, manufacturing bricks within 1 km of locality is punishable by law. In this photo series, we can see how the law is being violated and the environment is being polluted.


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